How to Implement Workforce Forecasting for Your Business
Forecasting is always an essential part of any business, and the workforce is typically the largest expense.
Workforce planning includes salaries, commissions, benefits, taxes, retirement, and much more. On average, workforce expenses comprises over 30% of gross sales, but it can be over 50% depending on the industry. Workforce forecasting should always be the top priority for any organization. Our guide will cover many alignments with strategies, access to data, and best practices on workforce planning and forecasting.
How to Develop a Strategic Plan for Workforce Forecasting
There are many questions to ask prior to starting any type of forecasting, and workforce-related items are often some of the most central questions. Companies will not be able to forecast reductions, increases, or changes accurately for the workforce without a strategic plan. Data varies, but the estimation is that approximately 90% of all organizations fail to execute their strategies successfully.
There are many reasons for the failure and it includes lack of communication, not linking strategy to planning, top down approach only, and failed implementation strategy. Ensure that the organization has a clear strategy and communicate it clearly to the company that there is a well-defined execution path.
Access to Data for Workforce Planning
The ability to access accurate and timely data for analysis is a necessity. The data must be accessible in order to build workforce demand forecasting models. There can be a lot of data and below is an example of some of the data by employee by month that would be beneficial in creating a model:
Salary
Commissions
Bonuses
Promotions
Taxes
Benefits
New Hires
Title
Terminations
Overtime
Headcount by Position
Hours Worked
Benefit Eligibility
The first question to ask is whether you can access the data. Determine where the data is coming from and create a process to integrate the data so there is a seamless process monthly or quarterly depending on how often forecasting happens.
Spot check the data to ensure that the data is accurate as workforce accounts for over 30% of expenses, so a small variance can have a large impact. For example, if a benefit comprised 1% of gross revenue of $100 Million and the assumption was off by 50%, then the variance would be approximately $500,000 for a single benefit. This is a substantial variance for just one benefit, which can affect decision-making.
Generally, workforce demand forecasting models are the most complex templates that organizations have. The more accurate the data is, then the less complex the models need to be and many of the assumptions go away. A model allows for enabling quick and accurate decision-making for managers and executives around changes that may need to happen. They can quickly create multiple what-if scenarios that provide the foundation for the best decision making possible.
How to Forecast Change in the Workforce
There are many ways to go through planning for changes in the workforce. First, as stated above, set a strategy to provide everyone using the model the clarity to make decisions that meet the strategic plans.
If management expects production to increase by 50% in manufacturing, then typically there would need to be an increase in workforce or a plan about using more robotics, which may decrease workforce to meet the demand. However, without this information, the accuracy of the plan will not be accurate.
Decide whether to use a top-down, a bottom-up, or a hybrid of the two approaches. A top-down approach is when senior management determines the plan and pushes it down to the rest of the company. A bottom-up approach is when line managers plan and then it rolls up to a consolidated plan. A hybrid is using both methods and then comparing as different versions.
Executives can provide a top-down version as a guideline for the managers. The key to a top-down approach is a model that provides quick what-if scenarios based on adding new hires, modifying benefits, or terminating a percentage of the workforce as an example.
The bottom-up approach typically has two methods and uses the approach that best fits your organization. One way is to forecast at the employee level. Managers would go in and enter in new hires, possibly terminations, raises, overtime, and any benefits that a manager would have information on. This method is very accurate but may have flaws if there is a lot of turnover. The second method is to plan by headcount by position. This method would list a job title and how much headcount along with an average salary. This is not as accurate as it uses an average salary, but works for large organizations that have many people in similar positions.
Finally, it is important to understand how the organization has been in the past regarding their workforce. Ask questions such as the following:
Is the organization good at hiring or firing?
Does it hire too early or too late?
Does it usually run a very lean organization or does it get too large?
Do certain departments get more budget than other departments?
Understanding this information is vital as it should be included in the plan.
The image below offers an example of a partial forecast form where a user can enter a goal, make changes, and see real time changes.
Workforce Forecast – Reporting Process
Reporting is the last step and this comes down to two main parts.
First, have reports to determine the variances of the workforce forecast against the actual by department. Next, analyze and document the variances. Determine if the variances were due to assumptions being incorrect and then modify the model so that it can be more accurate going forward. If the variances are due to changes in decisions, then document it so that it can be accessible in the future, in case questions come up.
Second, determine the workforce metrics that are important for the organization. Below are some metrics that may be useful:
Revenue/Employee: tracks productivity of the organization over time.
Employee Turnover: number of terminations divided by average number of employees. Note modify to separate out voluntary and involuntary terminations.
Benefits Cost/Employee: determine trend by dividing all benefits by employee. A variation is dividing this by total payroll.
Overtime Percentage: overtime divided by total payroll.
Time Since Last Promotion: average time in months since last promotion. This can signify an issue if many top employees are leaving.
Time to Hire: the number of days it takes from posting a position to signing the offer letter on average.
Engagement: use a survey to ask questions of employees annually and compare over time.
This dashboard example is provided by Microsoft shows visual workforce analysis – https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/sample-human-resources.
Solver offers an array of workforce demand forecasting models to help set you up for success. You can review some examples in the images below.
Contact Solver to Learn More about Workforce Forecasting
Workforce forecasting is an imperative function for all organizations and it all starts with a good strategic plan. After that is complete and communicated, then provide data access and create models that can enable world-class decisions. Finally, analyze the reports, review the metrics, and make changes based on the analysis.
Our team at Solver can help set you up for workforce planning and forecasting success. Contact our team today or request a demo for more information about our corporate performance management tools.
